At least in the oil sector, the global health emergency caused by coronavirus is coming to India's advantage. While the severe demand squeeze due to the pandemic helped India save on oil imports, low global crude prices could help it further in reducing sharply the import bill.Declining consistently since April, India's oil imports fell about 29% (YoY) to around 13.44 million tonnes in June, the lowest since October 2011.
In value terms, the June oil imports stood at $4.93 billion (Rs37,341.70 crore), down 55.29% in the dollar terms from $11.03 billion (Rs76,586.73 crore) in June 2019.
In April, it fell to 16.55 million tonnes, a 16% YoY decline, from 17.28 million tonnes reported earlier. In May, crude oil imports fell 22.6%, the biggest drop since at least 2005, to 14.61 million tonnes against the year-ago month.
If the trend continues, crude oil imports in FY20-21 may fall to 180 million tonnes, 50 million tonnes lower than 227 million tonnes imported in FY19-20. At current prices, the value of this 50 million tonnes will be around $20 billion. Moreover, India may further reduce its oil import bill with crude oil prices remaining low or range-bound around $35-45 a barrel in FY21.
Assuming $40 a barrel average crude oil price and the rupee-dollar rate holding closer to current levels, and monthly imports remaining low at 15 million tonnes (average), for FY21, the import bill could slip to 60% of the last year's $60-65 billion. Similar level of import bill was witnessed in FY15-16 when crude had fallen to $26 a barrel for some time.
India has already reduced oil import bill by over 60% in the first quarter (April-June) of FY20-21. In Q1FY21, oil imports were worth $13.08 billion (Rs99,259.42 crore), which was 62.47% lower in the dollar terms from $34.85 billion (Rs2,42,398.55 crore) for Q1FY20.
According to the Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC) of the oil ministry, imports stood at around 227 million tonnes in FY20 against 226.5 mt in FY19. The import bill last year was $101.4 billion against $111.9 billion in FY19.
A $1 fall in crude oil prices helps India reduce import bill by almost Rs 2,900 crore, while one rupee fall in value of the currency against dollar raises spending by around Rs2,700 crore.
"The oil import bill may fall below $100 billion this year as coronavirus and its continuity may have further dented the oil market. It could bring down the country's oil purchase bill sharply," said an oil sector expert.
While India imported $112 billion crude oil in FY18-19, its import bill had transited substantially lower in the previous three financial years with oil import bill standing at $64 billion in FY16, when oil slipped on oversupply, especially with the entry of US shale oil.
Lower volume of crude processing by refiners is also expected to have an impact on the import bill.
For India, lower oil prices act as big incentive as the country depends on imports to meet 86% of its requirements. Lower import bill will also have positive impact on the country's fiscal deficit that has slipped from earlier targets in the wake of higher government expenditure this year to curb falling GDP growth.
The dependency on imported crude (on consumption basis), on the other hand, has increased from 82.9% in FY18 to 83.7% in FY18-19, and close to 85% in FY29-30. It means we are producing less and depending more on imports to meet our needs. This dependency has consistently increased in all five years of the Narendra Modi government.
Domestic crude oil production has stagnated around 35 mt in the past decade. In FY18-19, domestic crude production dropped to 34.2 mt from 35.7 mt in FY18.
Despite best efforts of the government, domestic oil production has not increased. The government has now pinned its hopes on the new hydrocarbon exploration licensing policy (HELP) that institutes an open acreage policy to see more investment in exploration and thereby increases production in coming years.
